Criminology and Criminal Justice: MMU Harvard Referencing

From 1 August 2023, the institutional style for author-date referencing is Cite Them Right Harvard. From 30 September 2024 support for the MMU Harvard style will end. Please check with your department which referencing style you should be using.

A referencing style is a set of rules that specify how to reference different sources of information e.g. books, articles, websites etc.

Check with your tutor if you aren't sure which referencing style you should use for your assignments.

If your HE course is validated by Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU) use their Harvard 'Cite Them Right' referencing style. 

The most common sources you will use in your reference list will be:

• A printed book
• An eBook
• A chapter from an edited book (where a book is made up of chapters written by multiple authors and edited by a single editor)
• A journal article (online or physical)
• A website

But there are many (many) more, which is why the referencing guide for your course referencing style will be your best friend. Each reference has a different structure.

Printed Books

Citation order:

• Author/editor
• Year of publication (in round brackets)
• Title (in italics)
• Place of publication: Publisher
• Series and volume number (where relevant) 

Example: book with one author

According to Upson et al (2021), the most important part of the research process is...

Upson, M., Luetkenhaus, H., Hall, C. M., & Cannon, K. (2021) Information now: A graphic guide to student research and web literacy. 2nd edn. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Online referencing tools help you manage referencing, cite references in your work and create bibliographies.  

• EndNote
• Cite This For Me
• Mendeley

You can access basic features without buying the full packages.